Updated CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus for 2025-26 – Get the latest chapter-wise syllabus, marking scheme, and study tips. Download the official PDF at the end!
Overview of CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26
The Class 12 CBSE syllabus for Maths plays a crucial role in board exams and competitive exams like JEE, NEET, CUET, etc. This year, CBSE has introduced competency-based questions and a revised weightage system to encourage conceptual learning over rote memorization.
| Board | CBSE |
| Class | 12 |
| Session | 2025-26 |
| Subject | Maths |
| Content-Type | Syllabus/Curriculum |
| Official Website | https://cbseacademic.nic.in |
MATHEMATICS – CLASS XII (2025-26)
Course Structure
Exam Pattern
- One Paper
- Maximum Marks: 80
- Internal Assessment: 20
- Total Marks: 100
Unit-wise Marks Distribution
| No. | Unit | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| I | Relations and Functions | 08 |
| II | Algebra | 10 |
| III | Calculus | 35 |
| IV | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| V | Linear Programming | 05 |
| VI | Probability | 08 |
| Total | 80 |
Unit-I: Relations and Functions (08 Marks)
- Relations and Functions
- Types of relations: Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive, and Equivalence relations.
- One-to-one and onto functions.
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Definition, range, domain, principal value branch.
- Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.
Unit-II: Algebra (10 Marks)
- Matrices
- Concept, notation, order, equality.
- Types of matrices: Zero matrix, Identity matrix, Symmetric & Skew-symmetric matrices.
- Operations: Addition, Multiplication, and Scalar Multiplication.
- Non-commutativity of matrix multiplication.
- Invertible matrices and uniqueness of inverse (2×2 matrices only).
- Determinants
- Determinants (up to 3×3 matrices), Minors, Cofactors.
- Applications in finding the area of a triangle.
- Adjoint and inverse of a matrix.
- Solving linear equations (2 & 3 variables) using matrices.
Unit-III: Calculus (35 Marks)
1. Continuity and Differentiability
- Continuity & Differentiability: Definition, chain rule, derivatives of composite functions.
- Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
- sin−1x,cos−1x,tan−1x.
- Implicit Functions: Differentiation of implicit functions.
- Exponential & Logarithmic Functions:
- Derivatives of ex, logx and logarithmic differentiation.
- Parametric Functions: Derivatives of functions in parametric forms.
- Second Order Derivatives.
2. Applications of Derivatives
- Rate of Change: Real-life applications (e.g., velocity, growth rate).
- Increasing/Decreasing Functions: Using derivatives to determine intervals.
- Maxima & Minima:
- First Derivative Test (geometric intuition).
- Second Derivative Test (verification).
- Practical problems (optimization, real-world examples).
3. Integrals
- Integration as Anti-Derivative: Inverse process of differentiation.
- Methods of Integration:
- Substitution
- Partial Fractions
- Integration by Parts
- Standard Integrals:
- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof).
- Definite Integrals: Properties & evaluation.
4. Applications of Integrals
- Area Under Curves:
- Lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses (standard forms only).
5. Differential Equations
- Basic Concepts: Definition, order, degree, general & particular solutions.
- Methods of Solving:
- Separation of Variables
- Homogeneous Differential Equations (1st order, 1st degree)
- Linear Differential Equations:
- dy/dx+py=q (p,q are functions of x or constants)
- dx/dy+px=q (p,q are functions of y or constants)
Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry (14 Marks)
1. Vectors
- Basic Concepts:
- Scalars and vectors, magnitude and direction.
- Direction cosines and direction ratios.
- Types of Vectors:
- Equal, unit, zero, parallel, and collinear vectors.
- Position vector, negative of a vector, components of a vector.
- Vector Operations:
- Addition, multiplication by a scalar.
- Section formula (dividing a line segment in a given ratio).
- Products of Vectors:
- Dot Product: Definition, properties, applications (projections, work done).
- Cross Product: Definition, geometrical interpretation, properties (area of parallelogram, torque).
2. Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Direction Cosines & Ratios: Of a line joining two points.
- Equations of a Line:
- Cartesian form.
- Vector form.
- Relative Positions of Lines:
- Skew lines, shortest distance between two lines.
- Angle between two lines.
Unit-V: Linear Programming (5 Marks)
1. Linear Programming Problems (LPP)
- Introduction:
- Key terms: Constraints, objective function, optimization.
- Graphical Method:
- Solving problems in two variables.
- Feasible & infeasible regions (bounded/unbounded).
- Optimal feasible solutions (up to 3 non-trivial constraints).
Unit-VI: Probability (8 Marks)
1. Probability
- Conditional Probability: Definition and examples.
- Multiplication Theorem: For dependent and independent events.
- Independent Events: Concept and applications.
- Total Probability Theorem: Partitioning sample space.
- Bayes’ Theorem: Statement and simple applications.
Question Paper Design
| S.No. | Typology of Questions | Total Marks | % Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Remembering & Understanding Recall facts, terms, concepts; demonstrate understanding through interpretation. | 44 | 55% |
| 2 | Applying Solve problems by applying knowledge in new situations. | 20 | 25% |
| 3 | Analysing, Evaluating & Creating Break down information, make judgments, and propose solutions. | 16 | 20% |
| Total | 80 | 100% |
Important Guidelines
- No Chapter-wise Weightage: All chapters must be covered uniformly.
- Internal Variations: Slight adjustments permitted while maintaining overall typology and weightage.
- Choices:
- No overall choice in the paper.
- 33% internal choices provided in all sections.
Internal Assessment (20 Marks)
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Periodic Tests (Best 2 out of 3) | 10 |
| Mathematics Activities (Refer NCERT Lab Manual) | 10 |
Download CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 PDF
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