CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF & Full Exam Pattern

Latest CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 – Get the official syllabus with a chapter-wise breakdown, marking scheme, and expert study tips. Download the official PDF at the end!

Overview of CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26

The Class 10 CBSE syllabus for Science is crucial for board exams and sets the foundation for higher classes. The 2025-26 syllabus includes competency-based questions, increased focus on application-based learning, and internal assessments.

Course Structure: Class X (2025-26)

Annual Examination
Time: 3 Hours
Total Marks: 80 (Theory) + 20 (Internal Assessment) = 100

Detailed Syllabus

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour (25 Marks)

Theme: Materials

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

• What are chemical reactions?
• Writing and balancing chemical equations.
• Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement, Precipitation.
• Energy changes: Exothermic, Endothermic.
• Oxidation and Reduction.

2. Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Acids and Bases: H⁺ and OH⁻ ions, identifying with indicators.
• Properties, examples, and uses.
• Neutralization and pH scale (simple concept).
• Importance of pH in daily life.
• Preparation and uses of: Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching Powder, Baking Soda, Washing Soda, Plaster of Paris.

3. Metals and Non-metals

• Properties of metals vs. non-metals.
• Reactivity series.
• Ionic compounds: Formation and properties.
• Basic metallurgy.
• Corrosion and prevention.

4. Carbon and its Compounds

• Covalent bonding and properties.
• Why carbon is versatile.
• Hydrocarbons: Saturated (alkanes) and Unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes).
• Homologous series and naming (functional groups: halogens, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes).
• Reactions: Combustion, Oxidation, Addition, Substitution.
• Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid: Properties and uses.
• Soaps and Detergents.

Unit II: World of Living (25 Marks)

Theme: The World of the Living

5. Life Processes

• What makes something "living"?
• Nutrition, Respiration, Transport, and Excretion in plants and animals.

6. Control and Coordination

• Plants: Tropic movements, Plant hormones.
• Animals: Nervous system (voluntary, involuntary, reflex actions), Hormones.

7. Reproduction

• Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
• Reproductive health: Family planning, Safe sex, HIV/AIDS, Women’s health.

8. Heredity and Evolution

• Heredity and Mendel’s laws.
• Traits inheritance and sex determination (basic idea).

Unit III: Natural Phenomena (12 Marks)

Theme: Natural Phenomena

9. Reflection and Refraction of Light

• Reflection by spherical mirrors: Image formation, Mirror formula, Magnification.
• Refraction: Laws, Refractive index, Lenses (image formation, lens formula, magnification).
• Power of a lens.

10. Human Eye and Applications

• How the eye works, Vision defects (e.g., myopia), Corrections.
• Uses of mirrors and lenses in daily life.

11. Dispersion and Scattering

• Refraction through a prism.
• Dispersion and scattering of light (real-life examples).

Unit IV: Effects of Current (13 Marks)

Theme: How Things Work

12. Electric Current

• Potential difference, Current, Ohm’s Law.
• Resistance and Resistivity: Factors affecting resistance.
• Series and Parallel circuits: Applications.
• Heating effect and Electric power (P, V, I, R relationship).

13. Magnetic Effects of Current

• Magnetic fields: Field lines, Current-carrying conductors, Solenoids.
• Force on a conductor (Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule).
• AC vs. DC: Advantages, Domestic circuits.

Unit V: Natural Resources (5 Marks)

Theme: Natural Resources

14. Our Environment

• Ecosystems and environmental issues.
• Ozone depletion, Waste management.
• Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable substances.

Practicals

Practical work goes hand-in-hand with theory lessons. Here’s the list of experiments:

1. pH Testing: Test pH of HCl, NaOH, Ethanoic acid, Lemon juice, Water, etc.
2. Properties of Acids/Bases: Reactions with litmus, zinc, sodium carbonate.
3. Types of Reactions: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement.
4. Reactivity Series: Zn, Fe, Cu, Al with salt solutions.
5. Ohm’s Law: Voltage vs. Current graph, Resistance.
6. Resistors: Series and Parallel combinations.
7. Stomata: Temporary leaf peel mount.
8. Respiration: Show CO₂ release.
9. Ethanoic Acid Properties: Odour, solubility, litmus test, reaction with NaHCO₃.
10. Soap Cleaning: Soft vs. Hard water.
11. Focal Length: Concave mirror and Convex lens.
12. Refraction: Light through a glass slab.
13. Reproduction: Binary fission (Amoeba), Budding (Yeast, Hydra).
14. Prism: Path of light.
15. Dicot Seed: Identify embryo parts (e.g., pea).

Question Paper Design (Theory)

Total Marks: 80

• Question Types: Objective (MCQs), Assertion-Reasoning, Short Answer (SA), Long Answer (LA), Case-based questions.
• Internal Choice: About 33% of the paper.

Internal Assessment (20 Marks)

• Periodic Tests: 5 + 5 = 10 marks
• Practical Work: 5 marks
• Portfolio: 5 marks

Prescribed Books

• Science Textbooks (Class X) – NCERT
• Laboratory Manuals (Class X) – NCERT
• Exemplar Problems (Class X) – NCERT
• Assessment of Practical Skills (Class X) – CBSE

Best Study Tips for CBSE Class 10 Science

Stick to NCERT – Most board exam questions are from NCERT.
Understand Key Concepts – Focus on clarity, not just memorization.
Solve PYQs – Practice previous year questions for pattern insights.
Revise Regularly – Make quick notes for last-minute revision.

Bonus: CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions & Answers

Download CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF

Click the button below to download the official CBSE syllabus PDF for 2025-26.

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🔍 Related Guides

• CBSE Class 10 English Language & Literature Syllabus 2025-26
• CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26
• CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus 2025-26

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